C++ Data Structures – Arrow Operator

C++ Data Structures – Arrow Operator

A data structure is a group of data elements grouped together under one name. These data elements, known as members, can have different types and different lengths.

Regular Variables

The syntax is:

// syntax
struct type_name {
member_type1 member_name1;
member_type2 member_name2;
member_type3 member_name3;
.
.
} object_names;

// working sample:
struct product {
  int weight;
  double price;
} apple, banana, melon;

// access
apple.weight
apple.price
banana.weight
banana.price
melon.weight
melon.price

Working sample:

// example about structures
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;

// declare data structure
struct movies_t {
  string title;
  int year;
} mine, yours;

void printmovie (movies_t movie);

int main ()
{
  string mystr;

  mine.title = "2001 A Space Odyssey";
  mine.year = 1968;

  cout << "Enter title: ";
  getline (cin,yours.title); // store title
  cout << "Enter year: ";
  getline (cin,mystr);
  stringstream(mystr) >> yours.year; // store year

  cout << "My favorite movie is:\n ";
  printmovie (mine);
  cout << "And yours is:\n ";
  printmovie (yours);
  return 0;
}

void printmovie (movies_t movie)
{
  // access data structure
  cout << movie.title;
  cout << " (" << movie.year << ")\n";
}

The result is:
Enter title: Alien
Enter year: 1979

My favorite movie is:
2001 A Space Odyssey (1968)
And yours is:
Alien (1979)

Arrays

You can use an Array into Data Structures:

// array of structures
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;

struct movies_t {
  string title;
  int year;
} films [3];

void printmovie (movies_t movie);

int main ()
{
  string mystr;
  int n;

  for (n=0; n<3; n++)
  {
    cout << "Enter title: ";
    getline (cin,films[n].title);
    cout << "Enter year: ";
    getline (cin,mystr);
    stringstream(mystr) >> films[n].year;
  }

  cout << "\nYou have entered these movies:\n";
  for (n=0; n<3; n++)
    printmovie (films[n]);
  return 0;
}

void printmovie (movies_t movie)
{
  cout << movie.title;
  cout << " (" << movie.year << ")\n";
}

The result is:
Enter title: Blade Runner
Enter year: 1982
Enter title: The Matrix
Enter year: 1999
Enter title: Taxi Driver
Enter year: 1976

You have entered these movies:
Blade Runner (1982)
The Matrix (1999)
Taxi Driver (1976)

Pointers to Data Structures

// pointers to structures
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;

struct movies_t {
  string title;
  int year;
};

int main ()
{
  string mystr;

  movies_t amovie;
  movies_t * pmovie;
  pmovie = &amovie;

  cout << "Enter title: ";
  getline (cin, pmovie->title);
  cout << "Enter year: ";
  getline (cin, mystr);
  (stringstream) mystr >> pmovie->year;

  cout << "\nYou have entered:\n";
  cout << pmovie->title;
  cout << " (" << pmovie->year << ")\n";

  return 0;
}

The result is:
Enter title: Invasion of the body snatchers
Enter year: 1978

You have entered:
Invasion of the body snatchers (1978)

Arrow Operator

The arrow operator (->) is a dereference operator that is used exclusively with pointers to objects that have members. This operator serves to access the member of an object directly from its address.

// arrow operator
pmovie->title
// equivalent to:
(*pmovie).title

Working example:

// pointers to structures
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;

struct movies_t {
  string title;
  int year;
};

int main ()
{
  string mystr;

  movies_t amovie;
  movies_t * pmovie;
  pmovie = &amovie;

  cout << "Enter title: ";
  getline (cin, pmovie->title);
  cout << "Enter year: ";
  getline (cin, mystr);
  (stringstream) mystr >> pmovie->year;

  cout << "\nYou have entered:\n";
  cout << pmovie->title;
  cout << " (" << pmovie->year << ")\n";

  return 0;
}

The result is:
Enter title: Invasion of the body snatchers
Enter year: 1978

You have entered:
Invasion of the body snatchers (1978)

Nesting (annidate) Structures

...
struct movies_t {
  string title;
  int year;
};

struct friends_t {
  string name;
  string email;
  movies_t favorite_movie;
} charlie, maria;

friends_t * pfriends = &charlie;
...
// After that it would be valid:
charlie.name
maria.favorite_movie.title
charlie.favorite_movie.year
pfriends->favorite_movie.year
...

My website: http://www.lucedigitale.com

Reference: http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/structures/